4. Conclusion

A complex system is difficult for the human mind to grasp. Indeed, it presents two main difficulties for anyone wishing to understand how it works: it contains a variety of phenomena that interact with each other and with the environment, and it evolves over time, often in a non-linear fashion.

Numerical models describing the phenomena at play in a complex system must be capable of transcribing both these interactions and the system's temporal evolution. A digital twin is a faithful digital model of a precise physical system, combining all the knowledge, data and digital simulations acquired since its conception. Co-constructed with experts in the fields involved, it proves to be an invaluable tool in understanding a complex system, which may partly explain the growing interest in the engineering field for these digital twins.

A high-performance...