1. Evolving communication architectures for Industry 4.0

For almost 50 years, the exchange and processing of digital data in industry has been marked by constant changes in needs, services, hardware, software and skills. Over the years, researchers, developers and manufacturers have come up with ever more effective models, languages and solutions, in a context of total expansion in the volume of digital exchanges.

Today, these exchanges are fully interwoven into the different layers of the enterprise for an optimal manufacturing concept (for example, additive manufacturing (figure 1 adapted from