4. Conclusion

The practice of eco-design has evolved over time, with the approach and a host of tools now available to packaging manufacturers, enabling them to make further progress in reducing the impact of our consumption. Indeed, in parallel with new consumption patterns such as reuse and bulk, packaging is tending to reconcile its product protection functions with environmental criteria. In a few years' time, they will all be recyclable, and some sectors will have harmonized their packaging to facilitate reuse.

The packaging of the future will be eco-designed. It will also be frugal, because the circular economy requires a limited number of materials, and the mixing of materials in the same package should be avoided as far as possible. The latest breakthrough innovations are in line with this approach: hydrophobic cardboard packaging, lidding trays made exclusively from...