3. Surface preparation

The surfaces to be bonded are often contaminated, which first requires cleaning, often called degreasing. However, the physical and chemical properties of metal, polymer and ceramic surfaces are very different. It is therefore necessary to create reactive surfaces by modifying their surface composition, increasing their roughness or applying an adhesion promoter (primer) [5] . But it's important to remember that the effects of treatment diminish with time, temperature and the environment in general.