6. Glossary

chirality (parameter of) :

Coefficient linking D to H and B to E (in chiral or bi-anisotropic media).

focused beam :

An electromagnetic wave whose power distribution is concentrated around the direction of propagation. These beams are obtained using electromagnetic lenses or metal mirrors.

Gaussian beam :

An electromagnetic wave whose power distribution around the direction of propagation follows a Gaussian distribution. Beams focused by lenses or mirrors are often Gaussian.

matrix S :

Diffraction matrix of an object subjected to an electromagnetic wave. This matrix links the incident, reflected and transmitted fields of the object.

cavity measurement :

Measurement...