1. Industrial technical and economic challenges
1.1 Recycling issues
This family of heterogeneous and often anisotropic materials mainly covers composites with thermosetting matrices (mainly unsaturated polyester, and to a lesser extent epoxy, phenolic, polyurethane, polyimide, etc.), which are increasingly competing with composites with thermoplastic matrices (polypropylene, polyamide, etc.). Reinforcements, most of which are glass-based, and to a lesser extent carbon- or aramid-based, are used in a variety of forms, from fibers (short or long cut, or continuous) to complex textile fabrics and preforms, sometimes combined with mineral fillers. There are few standard formulations, and for the majority of applications, the type and ratio of constituents (resin, reinforcement, fillers) are specifically defined "à façon" according...
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Industrial technical and economic challenges
Composite waste for recycling
Bibliography
Websites
Waste management, Elsevier http://www.elsevier.com
Waste management & research, Sage http://www.sagepub.com
Journal of material cycles and waste management, Springer http://www.springer.com
...Standards and norms
- Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics – Determination of dimensions and appearance ratio of ground objects - ISO/DIS 30012 -
Regulations
Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste, Official Journal L 182 of 16/07/1999 p. 0001 – 0019
Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste, Official Journal L 332, 28/12/2000 p. 0091 – 0111
Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000...
Directory
MCR (Plastic Omnium Group) Composites grinding
ERCOM Composite Recycling GmbH / ERCOM Fibertec GmbH Composite shredding Launched 1991. Closed in 2004
SCORI (TERIS subsidiary) 54, rue Pierre Curie Co-combustion in cement works
Economic data
Composite materials are traditionally much less recycled (5%) than their competitors (65-70% for steel and 30-35% for aluminum in North America, for example). Recycling has developed strongly in Japan (5 to 10 years ahead of Europe), and is now becoming a regulatory obligation in Europe, where it mainly concerns automotive and electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) waste. The corresponding value chain is illustrated at...
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