1. Homogenization concept

A material can be considered homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on the scale of observation. At the micrometer scale, the composite material is heterogeneous and its constituent phases are disjointed: inclusions and the matrix that encases them are clearly distinguishable. On the other hand, at the macroscopic scale of the part, the heterogeneities of the material can no longer be distinguished, and it must be assumed and modeled as a homogeneous medium. At the macroscopic scale, inclusion and matrix are continuous, superimposed and interacting.