7. Glossary

Coke

Residues from the distillation of organic compounds (petroleum, coal, oil shale, etc.) that can be used to produce carbon materials.

Graphitation (or graphitization)

Heat treatment (generally above 2,000°C) to obtain a carbon atom organization of precursor materials (cokes, polymers, chemical vapor deposition, etc.) that approximates the structure of graphite.

Tokamak

A toroidal or spherical enclosure that uses magnetic fields to confine plasma for nuclear fusion reactions.

Turnaround

This is the irradiation threshold above which graphite-based material undergoes expansion, after the volume contraction phase. This threshold also corresponds to a deterioration in mechanical properties.