1. Filling phase: specific features and equations to solve

1.1 Specific features of the filling phase

The material front progresses, and its position must be determined at all times. Filling time is short, on the order of a second, so injection rates are high, on the order of 100 to 1,000 cm ³ /s. In combination with the high viscosity of polymers, energy dissipation is therefore high, and the temperature of the material can rise locally despite mold cooling. In addition, pressures are high, in the tens or even hundreds of megapascals range.

As polymers are poor conductors of heat, the core temperature is close to the injection temperature, while the wall temperature is close to the steel temperature. As the viscosity of polymers is highly temperature-dependent, thermal...