2. Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the musculoskeletal system
Man moves, stands still and maintains a posture to be precise in his gestures, thanks to the locomotor system. This system is activated and coordinated by the nervous system, and nourished by cardio-circulatory adaptations that increase the supply of nutrients to the muscles and eliminate waste products. In addition to these short-term actions and adaptations, there are medium-term biochemical and endocrine regulations and a medium- to long-term training effect. Human physical activity therefore depends on a complex anatomical system and physiological adaptations that are constantly evolving as a result of our internal state (training, health, age, gender...) and the environment in which we evolve (difficulty and duration of tasks, physical or psychological environment...).
2.1 Anatomy
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Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the musculoskeletal system
Disorders and pathologies linked to physical work activities and their influencing factors
Bibliography
Standards and norms
ISO/DIS Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 8996 – Ergonomics – Determination of metabolic heat production. Geneva, 2002.
AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation)
X 35-002 Anthropometric models of the male and female population (July 1982). This standard gives the dimensions of the various body segments for both sexes and for 3 classes of individuals: tall, medium...
Regulations
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Labor Code
General principles of prevention (L. 4121-1 to L. 4121-5; R. 4121-1 to R. 4121-4)
Article L. 4121-1
"The employer takes the necessary measures to ensure the safety and protect the physical and mental health of workers.
These measures include :
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