6. Glossary

waste gate; soupape de décharge

Component used to short-circuit the turbine gases of a turbocharger.

displacement reduction; downsizing

Technique for reducing engine displacement while maintaining effective power levels.

downspeeding

Technique for reducing frictional losses to improve energy efficiency.

extreme rattling; rumble

Combustion anomaly of variable intensity. In extreme cases, it can lead to almost instantaneous mechanical destruction of the engine.

swirl; swirl

Fresh gas rotates around the cylinder axis.

tumble ; tumble

Fresh gases rotate around axes perpendicular to the cylinder axis.