1. Fluid properties

Fluid flow conditions in piping systems, with or without heat exchange, depend on both geometric and dynamic parameters (pipe dimensions, pressures, etc.) and the properties of the fluids flowing through them.

Some of these properties are relevant to flow only (density ρ, dynamic viscosity µ, kinematic viscosity ν), while others are involved in single-phase heat transfer (mass heat capacity at constant pressure c _p , thermal conductivity λ, Prandtl number Pr = µ c _p / λ), others must be taken into account when the fluid changes phase during flow (boiling temperature T _eb , enthalpy of vaporization ΔH _υ ), as well as critical point constants (critical pressure p _...