1. Turbine classification

For a hydraulic turbine, the available head or net headH, is equal to the gross head H ₀ minus the head losses Δh in the pipes outside the machine (figure 1 ) :

As in the case of all turbomachinery, the problems to be dealt with concerning hydraulic turbines take two forms:

• sizing of the most suitable machine to meet a given specification;

• performance evaluation of an...