4. Determining stresses

The builder who has to study all the connections needed to control the behavior of the piping system under the effect of in-service stresses should draw up a list of these connections, based, if possible, on specifications drawn up by the customer, and quantify them.

In most cases, the aim is to determine the value of either concentrated or uniformly distributed forces, which are then introduced as data in calculations, whether simplified 3.2 or performed...