1. Binder spraying

The process begins by depositing a layer of powder of controlled thickness (also known as a "powder bed") on a printing plate. A binding agent (liquid) is deposited locally on this powder bed to solidify certain parts. Iteratively, a layer of powder is deposited on top of the previous one, and each layer is locally impregnated with a binding agent. Layer by layer, the part is built up (figure 1 ), the impregnated parts forming a solid part surrounded by unbound powder. Printing is completed by removing the unbonded powder and the part, followed by post-processing operations such as de-soldering, and finishing operations such as painting.