1. Radiological and nuclear emergencies and associated risks

1.1 Inventory of ionizing radiation sources

Although we are exposed to various types of natural radiation (telluric, cosmic, etc.) on a daily basis, man's use of the radioactive and fissile properties of atoms is the main source of risk of exposure to ionizing radiation for workers and the general public.

The main use of radioactivity in France is related to the country's nuclear power plants, which comprise 58 pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The operation of these reactors involves upstream conversion, enrichment and new fuel fabrication plants, and downstream reprocessing, storage and waste disposal facilities. Together, these make up what is commonly referred to as the fuel cycle. Alongside fundamental research, applied research and development are carried...