2. Two-phase thermocapillary pumped fluid loops (BFDPT)

A thermocapillary pumped two-phase fluid loop is a sealed loop in which a fluid circulates between an evaporator, where thermal energy is extracted from the element whose temperature is to be controlled, and a condenser, where it is returned to a cold source. These two thermally "active" components are connected by pipes through which the liquid or steam flows. These devices are capable of transferring heat quantities of up to a few kW over a distance of several meters, in a gravity or space environment, with temperature variations of up to a few dozen degrees.