5. Conclusion

In terms of understanding the phenomena, fundamental research is still needed to fully understand the mechanisms of gel formation and expansion, in short, the "engine" of swelling. Modeling at material and structural level remains a wide-open field of research.

In terms of pathology, it should be noted that the situation is rather reassuring in terms of safety. Techniques for diagnosing alkali-reaction are now well established; a methodology to help manage structures affected by alkali-reaction exists and still needs to be used as often as possible in order to increase its relevance. On the basis of experience, we know that there is no proven, permanent solution for repairing structures, but it would appear that the most appropriate treatment method in the majority of cases is firstly to re-establish rainwater drainage systems if these have failed, and secondly...