1. Physics and electricity

1.1 History

Electricity is a phenomenon that we perceive through its manifestations, and is a form of energy capable of powering machines and transforming into other forms of energy such as light and heat.

In 1820, Michael Faraday heard of the work of Hans Christian Ørsted, who had demonstrated that an electric current could deflect a magnetized needle, thus revealing the link between electricity and magnetism. At the time, Faraday was mainly engaged in chemical and electrochemical research, notably on steel and iron alloys.

Inspired by Ørsted's discoveries, Faraday realized that if an electric current could produce a magnetic field, then the reverse could be true: a varying magnetic field could induce an electric current....