3. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for microwave applications

In addition to developments in the performance of microwave semiconductors, in particular large-gap semiconductors such as GaN, SiC and even ZnO, a considerable research effort has been made since 2010, following the Nobel Prize for graphene, and on two-dimensional materials with exceptional electronic properties.

More specifically, the emergence of new nanomaterials is marked by fundamental discoveries:

• firstly, the discovery of one-dimensional materials, with the 1993 synthesis of monofoil carbon nanotubes by S. Iijima and D.S. Bethune.