4. Challenges and directions

User training (and, why not, deployment to the general population) represents a key challenge in the prevention of social engineering. Research efforts must therefore be pursued in order to produce effective training tools that can be transposed to attack methods less common than simple phishing.

Understanding the cross-disciplinary skills needed is also crucial to enable users to resist as yet unknown attacks. Anticipating future attack vectors will take the wind out of cybercriminals' sails.