4. Mesh/ad hoc networks

Ad hoc mode is the second operating mode of the IEEE 802.11 standard, enabling two wireless systems physically within the same propagation range to communicate live. Based on this mode, the concept of the ad hoc network, still known as MANET, has gradually emerged, with the possibility of creating an infrastructure-free network where the nodes (terminals, wireless systems) themselves contribute to the life of the network by participating in packet routing or by playing the role of client or content distributor. Ad hoc networks are therefore multi-hop networks, where to reach a corresponding node, it is sometimes necessary to pass through several intermediate nodes that act as relays. In their original sense, ad hoc networks also refer to the absence of administration and fixed...