2. Work completed to date

2.1 In the world

Work began in the 1970s, particularly in the United States, where the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) and NASA undertook research very early on. Numerous universities and military research centers also worked in this field. Industrial groups such as Raytheon, United Technologies, Lockheed and Titan have also carried out work in this field, leading to flight testing of certain solutions.

In Great Britain, work carried out by the DRA (Defence Research Agency) led to flight tests in the early 1980s