2. Single-layer organic light-emitting diode (single-layer OLED)

A single-layer OLED, the simplest light-emitting device, takes the form of an organic light-emitting film "sandwiched" between two electrodes . Compared with conventional "multilayer" devices, made up of several layers to improve charge injection, transport and recombination in the emissive layer, the "monolayer" devices studied here are much simpler. Indeed, by limiting the effects of interfaces associated with multilayer OLEDs, single-layer devices enable direct comparison of active layer properties.

Electroluminescence (EL)...