3. Conclusion

This article focuses on the characterization and measurement of Gaussian beams. The first, more theoretical, part presents an original mathematical resolution based on the transport and eikonal equations, which provides natural access to the propagation and parameters characterizing the beams (half-width, waist, half-angle of divergence, Rayleigh length, quality factor...). A second, more experimental section focuses on the measurement of these parameters.

In this analysis, these beams are propagated in free space. In practice, the dimensions of Gaussian beams are very often modified using optical systems (lens, mirror, etc.), which has an impact on their characteristics. Similarly, such beams are produced inside a laser cavity, the best-known system. A second article answers these questions, while giving a few applications based on this type of beam.