2. Influence of thermodynamics
2.1 Thermal equilibrium of a population of atoms
The obligation of reasoning on a population of atoms or molecules requires the consideration of the thermodynamic equilibrium of such an ensemble. In 1917, after having modeled the phenomena of absorption and emission, Einstein sought to bring his assumptions (§ 1.2 ) into agreement with...
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Influence of thermodynamics
Pumping mechanisms
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