5. Sensor noise

For image sensors in general, noise is any signal that does not contribute to the formation of the desired image (figure 13 ). Its origin can be diverse, from the collection of photons in charge, to the conversion of charge into voltage, via all transfer processes between rows, columns, frames and blocks. This noise is also linked to thermal effects (mainly Johnson noise), light irradiation during transfer, filling and overflowing of wells onto neighbors, but also quantization noise at the output of the chain.