5. Wind power plants
The aim of grouping wind turbines into a wind farm is to optimize land use and reduce development, civil engineering and connection costs. The civil and electrical engineering processes involved are commonplace on land.
Specific calculation codes can be used to define the relative layout and spacing of the wind turbines according to the wind rose and site relief, in order to keep wake losses to an acceptable level.
5.1 Project development
The construction of wind farms requires a long and complex project development process, at least in European countries. In France, this development phase often lasts between 5 and 7 years, or even longer in the event of a legal appeal against one of the permits to be obtained.
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Wind power plants
Integrating wind-generated electricity into the grid
Bibliography
La bibliographie récente relative à l'électricité éolienne est à la fois pauvre et surabondante. Pauvre, parce que la technologie, le marché et le futur de l'électricité éolienne évoluent tellement rapidement que le temps nécessaire à la rédaction d'un ouvrage le rend caduc avant sa parution. Surabondante, parce que le nombre des articles de toutes sortes décrivant un des éléments de l'énorme...Websites
1. Official websites
1.1. France
The development of wind power in France is organized by the Ministry of the Environment, Energy and the Sea, in conjunction with the Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry.
Among the organizations most involved in this development are :
ADEME, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency...
Standards and norms
International standards
The standards to which wind turbines must conform are drawn up and constantly updated by the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). http://www.iec.ch/
All standards relating to wind turbines are classified under IEC 61400. http://www.iec.ch/
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