5. Conclusion and outlook
Already, for all rolling operations in the strict sense of the term, various finite element software packages are capable of perfectly describing the fields of strain, stress, residual stress and temperature for a given pass. These advances have considerably advanced our understanding of thermomechanical phenomena. Whenever end effects can be neglected, stationary, time-efficient and industrially applicable software is available, making it possible to sequence passes. If we still have to remain critical of the results (and we always do!), it's because the input data, and especially the coefficient of friction and contact heat transfer coefficient, are poorly known. Mechanical properties are better known, but we suspect that the determination of anisotropy, or the influence of high cold deformation rates, is still inadequate.
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Conclusion and outlook
Glossary
Bibliography
Software tools
Rolling mill modeling can be addressed by most of the major structural calculation codes on the market. In addition, the main metallurgical companies concerned have developed dedicated software, such as MT, UBM or FEM, which may or may not be stationary, but which are of course not available on a self-service basis.
Events
The International Rolling Conferences (IRC), which take place every 3 years, are the main meeting place for those interested in rolling, but rolling modeling is regularly covered at all conferences dealing with metal fabrication processes: NUMIFORM, ESAFORM Metal Forming, AMPT...
Laboratoires
Most research into rolling and its modeling is carried out in the laboratories of metallurgical companies. In France, the main public laboratories working on rolling models and the problems they are used to study are few and far between. Without wishing to be exhaustive, we would like to mention the following (in alphabetical order):
CEMEF – Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech....
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