7. Casting temperature

7.1 Definition

The pouring temperature is the temperature to which the liquid steel must be brought in the melting furnace before being emptied into the ladle. This operation is carried out as a last resort after all other metallurgical operations have been completed, as it is absolutely essential that the holding time at high temperature be as short as possible to avoid deteriorating the quality of the metal through a rise in dissolved gas levels (oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen), reoxidation of the steel bath leading to precipitation of non-metallic inclusions and slagging of easily oxidizable alloying elements (Al, Mn, Cr....), as well as oxide pollution caused by faster wear of the furnace's refractory lining.

In fact, the casting temperature must be as low...