2. Industrial FeSi(Al) alloys

Today's Fe-Si(Al) alloys contain, depending on the grade, from 0.05 to 3.2%Si in wt. and from 0 to 0.8%Al, and are the fruit of a long evolution in steelmaking and magnetics, beginning in 1882 with Hopkinson (substitution of decarburized steel sheet for mild steel), continued by Hadfield in the 1900s (addition of silicon) and culminating in the 1960s with the transition from hot-rolled sheet to the less costly cold-rolled strip. Magnetic products have all benefited from this evolution as well as from continuous metallurgical improvements, while the choice of alloys takes into account not only the technical dimension but also economic aspects.

Non-oriented (NO) FeSiAl electrical steels (table 1 ) can be divided into two sub-families, depending on whether they are supplied in the cold-worked, uncoated state...