2. Material manufacturing left hand

2.1 From microwaves to optics, definitions and specifics

The concepts developed for the realization of left-hand materials are general and apply to the entire electromagnetic spectrum. They concern not only infrared and visible optics, to which we generally attach the notion of light and refractive index, but also radiofrequency waves (f ≈ 0.3 to 3 GHz) to microwaves (f ≈ 3 to 30 GHz), millimeter waves (f = 30 to 300 GHz) and submillimeter waves (f > 300 GHz).

The concepts are the same, but the technologies are very different, with dielectric structures predominating in optics, and metallodielectric structures in microwaves and terahertz.

Before going any further, let's point out that the singular properties of materials come from...