5. Transformations in the ceramics industry

Three quarters of industrial emissions are due to the use of fossil fuels. The gradual replacement of these energies by renewable energies will be the main factor in reducing them:

• decarbonized electricity (solar, nuclear, etc.) ;

• green hydrogen by electrolysis with decarbonated electricity ;

• biogas and biofuels.

Fossil fuel substitution will be achieved above all through collective efforts to make alternative energies available, which is not yet assured in Europe.

At industrial level, investments are often very long-term, as in the case of industrial furnaces, where investments are always for several decades, and constitute a major capital asset. Consequently, technological choices concerning energy sources can...