8. Applications for the main refractory steels and alloys

8.1 Ferritic refractory steels

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8.1.1 General

The chromium content of these steels generally ranges from 13% to 30%, with additions of alloying elements such as silicon and aluminum to improve hot corrosion resistance.

Grades with silicon, aluminum or nitrogen additions offer good resistance to sulfurous or non-sulfurous oxidizing atmospheres up to 1,050°C (or even up to 1,150°C for high Cr contents). Nitrogen slows grain coarsening and prevents excessive embrittlement above 900 C....