4. Conclusion

Thermoelectric materials designed for low temperatures, such as Bi-Sb, are enjoying renewed interest because their transport properties are being reinterpreted in light of the recent concept of topological insulators. However, this fundamental research has not yet resulted in the development of a high-performance p-n junction.

For applications close to room temperature, new materials have emerged in recent years. These include Zn ₄ Sb ₃ , Mg ₃ Sb ₂ , and Fe ₂ VAl, for which significant progress has been made. However, Bi ₂ Te ₃ remains, in 2026, the best...