2. What are the links between genotoxicity and carcinogenesis?
Gene and/or chromosomal mutations can induce cancer, particularly when they affect certain "critical" genes: cell growth control genes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes that regulate cell death (apoptosis).
An oncogene is a gene whose expression promotes the development of cancer.
An anti-oncogene is a gene capable of inhibiting cell growth when introduced into tumor cells.
Any genotoxic agent is considered a potential carcinogen.
While most carcinogens are mutagenic, not all mutagens are carcinogenic (mutations on reproductive germ cells).
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