6. Conclusion

While the UN deplores the fact that material use continues to grow at an average rate of over 2.3% per year, and at a higher rate than well-being (as measured by the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index), Europe is urging every member state to raise its ambitions in terms of circularity.

Over the last few years, France has confirmed its commitment as a pioneering country in the field of the circular economy and the minimization of negative impacts associated with waste management, with the many angles of attack proposed by the anti-waste and circular economy law (AGEC). It has structured its implementation through numerous action plans to encourage the development of recycling, repair, reuse and maintenance, and it is clear that many manufacturers have taken steps to change the paradigm and move from a linear consumption economy to a circular economy, making...