9. Environmental, energy and economic considerations
9.1 Environmental considerations
9.1.1 Life cycle assessment and environmental impact of electric traction
Numerous studies (T&E study, Carbone 4, ECF/FNH) were carried out in 2017-2019 and it seems interesting to position hybrid vehicles in relation to electric vehicles.
-
FNH/ECF/Avere-France study
This involves a comparison of two types of vehicle (city, highway) equipped with four types of powertrain (combustion, hybrid, plug-in hybrid...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Vehicules and mobility
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Environmental, energy and economic considerations
Conclusion
Bibliography
Bibliography
- (1) - BEDEUR (M.) - Histoire de l'usine Pieper-Impéria, - http://www.automag.be/Librairie-Automagautomobile .
- (2) - BERETTA (J.) -...
Websites
PSA Peugeot Citroën https://www.stellantis.com/fr
Renault http://www.renault.com
Toyota http://www.toyota.co.jp
Events
Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS) Worldwide event on electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles, held every year in Asia, North America and Europe.
EEVConventions The European Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (EEVC) Congress is now recognised as premier global platform in the field of eMobility. https://www.eevc.eu/
...Norms and standards
- Regulation on CO2 emission/fuel consumption. - UNECE R101 -
- Regulation on emissions of M1 and N1 categories of vehicles. - UNECE R83 -
- Règlement européen Euro 5 et Euro 6 au regard des émissions des véhicules particuliers et utilitaires légers et aux informations sur la réparation et l'entretien de ces véhicules. - 715/EC - 2007
- Directive européenne du 18 juillet 2008 sur l'implémentation du...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
