2. From objects to systems

2.1 Intelligent transport systems: new opportunities for the economy, users and the environment

The shift from objects to transport systems has created a specific research and development discipline: Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This is also leading to an interest in the economy of functionality as it relates to services. So, for example, exclusive ownership (the owner is the only one to use the vehicle) of a vehicle may be questioned in several household typologies, which could instead switch to mobility services. There are a number of mobility services available today, such as car-sharing (managed by a professional or between private individuals), car-pooling, self-service vehicles (bicycle, car or scooter), short-term rental, transport on demand, and of course public...