6. Conclusion

Rolling stock is the second main component of the rail system after infrastructure. There are many interfaces between these two components, particularly with the track. Although carriages, wagons and locomotives are almost two centuries old, their evolution and development are constantly improving their performance, thus enhancing customer satisfaction, while constantly reducing investment and maintenance costs.

The diversity of the mechanical solutions we have developed enables us to adapt our rolling stock to the needs of train operations. Railway applications range from long-distance high-speed trains to urban subway and tramway services, not forgetting long-distance heavy freight transport.

While there is still a great deal of progress to be made in terms of environmental impact, particularly with regard to rolling noise, the range of...