5. Conclusion

Chemical sensors have developed over the last decade and have a promising future, thanks to advances in functional materials and their integration as a sensitive layer within new types of substrates.

Among these materials, conjugated polymers stand out for their unique electronic and optical properties, but also for their ease of manufacture and their ability to be combined with nanomaterials or receptors, enabling the design of highly sensitive, stable composites capable of detecting analytes at very low concentrations. The development of a growing number of sensors using aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers has also led to significant gains in selectivity.

In addition to the continuous improvement of sensitive layers, one of the major areas of development is the creation of flexible, portable sensors that can be integrated into...