3. Laser spectroscopy techniques
In absorption spectroscopy, photons are counted at each wavelength, before and after passing through the medium to be analyzed. Laser sources are often used for their intensity, line sharpness, coherence, directivity and focusability.
3.1 Scattering-based techniques, Rayleigh, Mie, Raman
Scattering measurements benefit from the laser because their effective cross-sections are generally small (table 5 ). The transition mechanisms are summarized in figure 18 .
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Laser spectroscopy techniques
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