1. Features and general presentation

1.1 History and outlook: from Heyrovsky to the present day

It was in 1922 that Heyrovsky, based on his work on the surface tension of mercury from a capillary tube, described a new analysis technique called polarography [1] . Appointed professor at Charles University in Prague, he was the founding father of a dynamic Czech school that developed this technique, and Heyrovsky was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959 "for his discovery and development of polarographic methods of analysis". By then, polarographic techniques had become indispensable to the modern analyst.

The name "polarography" proposed by Heyrovsky alludes to the fundamental importance of the electromotive...