Discussion and conclusion

The massive deployment of digital technologies in the energy transition context, growing, pervasive telecommunication infrastructures, the intensive use of the Internet of Things (IoT), industrial IoT (IIoT) and cloud computing, the marked rise in the use and installation of distributed sensors and intelligent devices (appliances), etc. greatly increase the quantities of data and messages exchanged over a large-scale grid. In addition, to make the energy grid smarter, more automated control is being used to increase the grid benefits including renewable energy management, demand-side management, smart charging stations for electric cars, and smart home optimization and integration. This increases the vulnerability of the physical and cyber layers of the smart grid to cyberattacks. It is therefore essential to develop intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDSs) able to detect an attack...