1. Application example

This example, presented in figure 2 , will be applied to the various methods below.

This is a temperature control system for an electric furnace, consisting of a continuous controller (proportional and integral, for example), rated C, which compares the reference temperature with the temperature measured in the furnace (figure 2 ). Depending on the deviation, it generates a command that determines the electrical heating power required to reduce the deviation as much as possible, in order to compensate for thermal losses, possible disturbances in the furnace, or to follow as closely as possible a thermal cycle imposed...