1. Vision systems in general

The term "natural vision" refers to the process of perception by the organ of sight. This process is in fact made up of both sight and perception. Sight describes the path taken by light, an essential element in vision, from the scene to the eye. Perception describes how light is converted into an electrical signal and then transmitted by the optic nerve to the nervous system, which processes and interprets it.

We find all these elements in artificial vision, which ultimately achieves a striking mimicry of natural vision, albeit with different characteristics. In machine vision, the camera replaces the eye, transmission takes place via various wired or wireless technologies and, finally, processing and interpretation are carried out by a computer processing unit. What doesn't change in the transition from natural to artificial vision, at least in an intuitive approach,...