4. Conclusions

Precise control of clamping tension is often perceived as a secondary operation in the design of mechanical equipment, yet insufficient, excessive or heterogeneous clamping is the cause of around 30% of static failures, and poor clamping conditions are the cause of around 45% of fatigue failures.

Consequently, the tightening operation must be controlled using precise, reliable and easy-to-use measuring instruments, enabling uniform tightening on all screws/screws with a minimum of operations.

Ultrasound is one of the techniques that can be used to solve this problem. Ultrasonic clamping tensions are determined by measuring devices designed to refine the methodology for measuring the travel time (speed) of the ultrasonic wave.

This technique performs well on all screws/rods. It frequently works on raw/unground screws....