1. Basic principles
Understanding the experimental design method is based on two essential concepts: experimental space and mathematical modeling of the quantities under study.
1.1 Notion of experimental space
Suppose an experimenter starts a study. He is interested in a quantity that he measures at each trial. This quantity is called the response, and is the quantity of interest. The value of this variable depends on several variables. Instead of the term "variable", we'll use the word "factor". We say that "the response depends on several factors".
The first factor can be represented by a graduated, oriented axis (figure
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