5. Nature and human health

5.1 The relationship between ecosystem services and human health

In certain well-identified and quantifiable cases, the impact of determinants on health can be direct, such as alcohol or tobacco consumption. In other cases, it is more difficult to establish a causal relationship between a determinant and a pathology. This is because, on the one hand, it is easier to identify and study risk factors than resource factors and, on the other hand, some health benefits are multifactorial, interacting with each other over long time intervals and in diverse spaces.

Anne Roué-Le-Gall has proposed a diagram to structure the links between the various urban nature spaces and the health determinants involved (figure