Conclusion
Antennas and metamaterials

There is a vast body of research on metamaterials, and we have seen that it is important to precisely define the terms used. The basic elements for constructing these metamaterials have been presented and dimensioned. These include cells with negative permittivity, negative permeability, right-hand/left-hand composite lines, high-impedance surfaces, artificial magnetic conductors, etc. This overview is not exhaustive but covers the most well-documented research on the subject. This initial phase is essential for the proper use of metamaterials with antennas.

The second part of the article was devoted to presenting methods for designing the antenna with the metamaterial when possible, identifying certain limitations, or simply verifying the merits of the proposed metamaterial solution. A few obstacles still need to be overcome, such as ohmic losses, manufacturing complexity, and production...